When bars are bent, what phenomenon can occur if subjected to excessive heat within 2 inches?

When bars are bent and subjected to excessive heat within a close range—typically within 2 inches—multiple phenomena can occur that negatively affect the material properties of the metal.

Ductility loss refers to the reduction in the ability of the material to deform plastically without fracturing. When heated to high temperatures, the microstructure of the metal can change, causing it to become more brittle and less capable of absorbing energy during deformation. This is particularly important in structural applications, where ductility allows materials to withstand loads and impacts without breaking.

Crystallization, often influenced by heat treatment processes, involves changes in the crystalline structure of the material. Excessive heat can lead to uncontrolled grain growth or the formation of undesirable microstructural phases, which can also contribute to brittleness and loss of overall material strength.

Thus, when excessive heat is applied to a bent bar, both ductility loss and crystallization can occur, leading to reduced performance and potential failure under load. Recognizing that these two phenomena can happen simultaneously under the right conditions provides a comprehensive understanding of the impact of heat on metal properties in structural applications.